{"id":2329,"date":"2018-04-30T16:00:08","date_gmt":"2018-04-30T14:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/?p=2329"},"modified":"2018-04-30T13:02:39","modified_gmt":"2018-04-30T11:02:39","slug":"takato-bola-tradicna-ludova-architektura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/en\/takato-bola-tradicna-ludova-architektura\/","title":{"rendered":"Mince v z\u00e1kladoch, podlaha z hliny \u010di spolo\u010dn\u00e1 izba s dobytkom. Aj tak\u00e1to bola tradi\u010dn\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 architekt\u00fara"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jar, to nie je len obdobie preb\u00fadzania pr\u00edrody. Aj tak\u00e9 domy sa zvykn\u00fa preb\u00fadza\u0165 k\u00a0\u017eivotu. Presnej\u0161ie novostavby, ku ktor\u00fdm sa po zimnom pl\u00e1novan\u00ed uch\u00fdlilo op\u00e4\u0165 mno\u017estvo rod\u00edn. Dnes s\u00fa pl\u00e1novanie a\u00a0samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba domov o\u00a0nie\u010do in\u00e9, ako tomu bolo kedysi. Nahliadnite s\u00a0nami aspo\u0148 jedn\u00fdm o\u010dkom do tradi\u010dn\u00fdch goralsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch prevl\u00e1dala najm\u00e4 architekt\u00fara sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s\u00a0pr\u00edrodou. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zmenil sa hlavne v\u00fdznam b\u00fdvania<\/h2>\n

Dnes sa e\u0161te d\u00e1vno pred kopan\u00edm z\u00e1kladov mysl\u00ed na ten najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdber pozemkov aj projektu, splnenie podmienok energetick\u00e9ho certifik\u00e1tu, obvodov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, zateplenie, technologick\u00e9 vybavenie a\u00a0XY \u010fal\u0161\u00edch detailov. Nebolo tomu zas tak d\u00e1vno, ke\u010f e\u0161te prim\u00e1rnu \u00falohu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho domu, resp. drevenice, zohr\u00e1vala funk\u010dnos\u0165 obydlia. Jednoducho bolo potrebn\u00e9, aby na v\u00e1s nepr\u0161alo, nebola v\u00e1m zima, aby ste sa mali kde vyspa\u0165 \u010di uchova\u0165 potravu.<\/p>\n

Drevo, hlina a kame\u0148<\/h2>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 architekt\u00fara goralov bola \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm prostred\u00edm, <\/a>odr\u00e1\u017eala ich sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota a ich \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky v\u00a0nevyspytate\u013en\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Pre tradi\u010dn\u00e9 stavite\u013estvo bola v\u017edy pr\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e1 sp\u00e4tos\u0165 s miestnymi pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi, teda drevom, hlinou a\u00a0kame\u0148om.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Drevo v horsk\u00fdch oblastiach bolo nielen dostupn\u00e9, ale i \u013eahko spracovate\u013en\u00e9. Malo vynikaj\u00face fyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti a dlh\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165. Na stavebn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely sa pou\u017e\u00edvalo predov\u0161etk\u00fdm m\u00e4kk\u00e9 drevo ihli\u010dnat\u00fdch stromov, napr. smrekov\u00e9 drevo, ktor\u00e9 bolo rovnej\u0161ie. Kame\u0148 sa pou\u017e\u00edval len na z\u00e1klady alebo stavbu pivn\u00edc. \u0160k\u00e1ry medzi brvnami zrubovej stavby sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie upch\u00e1vali machom alebo sto\u010den\u00fdm povrieslom a prekr\u00fdvali \u017er\u010fovinou alebo latkami. V\u00fdsledkom bol vznik pestrej \u0161k\u00e1ly region\u00e1lnych pod\u00f4b tradi\u010dn\u00fdch stavieb.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0osude rozhodovala oby\u010dajn\u00e1 minca<\/h2>\n

V minulosti bola v\u00fdstavba nov\u00e9ho obydlia zabezpe\u010dovan\u00e1 svojpomocne bez akejko\u013evek stavebnej dokument\u00e1cie. Gorali<\/a> stavali tak, ako to bolo zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 po cel\u00e9 gener\u00e1cie. Stavba odzrkad\u013eovala mo\u017enosti ter\u00e9nu, soci\u00e1lne pomery \u010di pokyny miestnej vrchnosti. Domy boli men\u0161ie a\u00a0omnoho jednoduch\u0161ie, pri\u010dom p\u00f4dorys domu sa dlho nemenil. Napr\u00edklad zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165ou domov v goralskej \u010dasti bola orient\u00e1cia na dvor, nie na ulicu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ale vr\u00e1\u0165me sa e\u0161te k\u00a0z\u00e1kladom. Na tie sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edval hlinou sp\u00e1jan\u00fd kame\u0148. Nad \u00farov\u0148ou ter\u00e9nu z\u00e1klady pokra\u010dovali podmurovkou, ktorou sa vyrovn\u00e1vali v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 rozdiely stavebn\u00e9ho pozemku. D\u00e1vnej\u0161ie, na niektor\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch zrubovej kon\u0161trukcie, boli z\u00e1klady a podmurovka nahraden\u00e9 len ve\u013ek\u00fdmi kame\u0148mi, ktor\u00fdmi boli podlo\u017een\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u017eia. Pri stavbe na ve\u013emi strmom ter\u00e9ne bola preveden\u00e1 \u00faprava za pomoci vo\u013ene ulo\u017een\u00fdch balvanov. No a ani pri t\u00fdchto \u00fakonoch, samozrejme, nesmeli ch\u00fdba\u0165 povery. Na ochranu stavby mali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 r\u00f4zne predmety, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie mince, ktor\u00e9 sa zvykli polo\u017ei\u0165 do z\u00e1kladov novostavby.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f bol zrub hotov\u00fd, dovn\u00fatra sa nanosila zemina na hlinen\u00fa podlahu. Najjednoduch\u0161ou formou bola podlaha z ubitej hliny, ktor\u00e1 sa vymazala blatom. Pred zametan\u00edm podlahu najsk\u00f4r pokropili vodou. E\u0161te po\u010das druhej svetovej vojny neboli zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165ou v domoch hlinen\u00e9 podlahy a b\u00fdvanie \u013eud\u00ed spolu s najnov\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edrastkami hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat. Podlahy z dos\u00e1k sa v dreveniciach za\u010dali kl\u00e1s\u0165 a\u017e od za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Nielen pod jednou strechou, ale aj v\u00a0jednej izbe<\/h2>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina gazdov mala domy bez pitvora len s jednou obytnou miestnos\u0165ou z nekresanej gu\u013eatiny. Star\u0161ie obytn\u00e9 domy rozpt\u00fdlenej v\u00fdstavby pozost\u00e1vali z jedn\u00e9ho obytn\u00e9ho priestoru, humna a stajne, spojen\u00fdch pod spolo\u010dnou strechou. Cez vonkaj\u0161\u00ed vstup sa vch\u00e1dzalo do predsiene a z nej do izby. V in\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa do obytn\u00e9ho priestoru vstupovalo cez humno. Domov\u00e9 vchodov\u00e9 dvere nemali k\u013eu\u010dky a z\u00e1mky. Otv\u00e1rali sa pomocou zas\u00favacieho zariadenia alebo mot\u00fazom. Po\u010das noci boli zvn\u00fatra podopret\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u010casom sa v goralsk\u00fdch obciach roz\u0161\u00edrilo aj \u0161tvorpriestorov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie domu (predn\u00e1 a zadn\u00e1 izba, predsie\u0148 a kuchy\u0148a). Obytn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 domu pripom\u00ednala slanick\u00fd typ domu, k\u00fd hospod\u00e1rske budovy si zachovali zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa goralsk\u00fa dispoz\u00edciu. Odli\u0161n\u00fd obytn\u00fd a hospod\u00e1rsky priestor bol i ukazovate\u013eom soci\u00e1lnych pomerov i postavenia majite\u013ea.<\/p>\n

Prelom v\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Vtedy sa toti\u017e v goralsk\u00fdch obciach za\u010dali stava\u0165 trojdielne domy s izbou, pitvorom a komorou pod\u013ea slovensk\u00e9ho vzoru. T\u00fato \u201enovinku\u201c roz\u0161\u00edrili samotn\u00ed obyvatelia obc\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch pri\u0165ahovalo prosperuj\u00face slanick\u00e9 centrum. Novostavby sa budovali pod\u013ea \u017eelania majite\u013eov, a tak priniesli \u201eslanick\u00fa m\u00f3du\u201c aj do svojej dediny. Odvtedy sa v goralskej oblasti za\u010dal \u0161\u00edri\u0165 symetrick\u00fd typ trojdielneho domu, ktor\u00fd bol pr\u00edzna\u010dn\u00fd pre slovensk\u00fa kult\u00farnu trad\u00edciu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obytn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 tu u\u017e bola oddelen\u00e1 od hospod\u00e1rskej. Postupn\u00fdm rastom po\u010dtu \u010dlenov dom\u00e1cnosti sa z komory st\u00e1vala zadn\u00e1 izba a z b\u00fdvalej kuchynky komora. Izby boli biele a ohnisk\u00e1 sa presunuli do zadnej \u010dasti pitvora. Komora sa vyu\u017e\u00edvala na skladovanie text\u00edli\u00ed, m\u00faky a in\u00fdch potrav\u00edn, r\u00f4znych vec\u00ed, na spanie dievok<\/a> a pod. Prie\u010delie domu bolo n\u00e1padn\u00e9 mal\u00fdm polvalbov\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtom, ktor\u00fd aj ke\u010f skromnou v\u00fdzdobou reprezentoval majite\u013ea. Zo star\u0161ej trad\u00edcie pretrvalo tie\u017e umiestnenie jedn\u00e9ho okna na prie\u010del\u00ed a dvoch na vstupnej stene.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0\u010do okolie domu?<\/h2>\n

Dvor bol centrom hospod\u00e1rstva a s n\u00edm s\u00favisiacich \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1c. V minulosti ku mnoh\u00fdm domom cesta neviedla, preto neovplyv\u0148ovala ani umiestnenie okien. Tam, kde k usadlosti smerovala po\u013en\u00e1 cesta, na prie\u010del\u00ed domu sa umiestnilo oby\u010dajne jedno okno. To bolo mal\u00e9 v tvare \u0161tvorca a nedalo sa otv\u00e1ra\u0165. Nov\u0161ie bolo u\u017e aj s futrami, s otv\u00e1rate\u013en\u00fdmi zasklen\u00fdmi r\u00e1mami.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhon pri dvore b\u00fdval ohraden\u00fd kon\u0161truk\u010dne jednoduch\u00fdm plotom z dreven\u00fdch \u017e\u0155dok alebo latiek. K dvoru neodmyslite\u013ene patrila i stud\u0148a. Vo vlhkom ter\u00e9ne ju sta\u010dilo vykopa\u0165 plyt\u0161ie a oblo\u017ei\u0165 drevom, alebo ju vyh\u013abi\u0165 v drevenom kadlube. Dreven\u00fd zrub nad hlb\u0161ou stud\u0148ou mal \u0161tvorcov\u00fd tvar a jej vn\u00fatro bolo vykladan\u00e9 kame\u0148om.<\/p>\n

Nepre\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Sta\u010d\u00ed si len spomen\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

Nov\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky priniesli aj nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby b\u00fdvania. Po po\u010detn\u00fdch po\u017eiaroch za\u010dali obyvatelia stava\u0165 domy z kame\u0148a a teh\u00e1l. Taliansky tehliari goralov nau\u010dili vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 tehly ru\u010dne zo spracovanej \u00edlovitej hliny vy\u0165a\u017eenej v chot\u00e1ri, z ktorej pomocou foriem vyr\u00e1bali kv\u00e1drov\u00e9 tehly. Pod strechou v podkrov\u00ed sa stavali \u010fal\u0161ie obytn\u00e9 miestnosti, tzv. manzardy. Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ili a zdokonalili sa aj okn\u00e1. V domoch pribudli pivnice na uskladnenie potrav\u00edn alebo r\u00f4zneho n\u00e1radia.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dnes u\u017e len ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko n\u00e1jdeme v goralskej oblasti drevenicu star\u00e9ho typu, ktor\u00e1 by pripom\u00ednala \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky tohto obyvate\u013estva. Kr\u00e1su \u013eudovej architekt\u00fary goralsk\u00fdch dreven\u00edc zni\u010dili z \u010dasti vojny, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 \u017eivly a svoje vykonal aj zub \u010dasu. Kde-tu e\u0161te stoja pozostatky dreven\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 nemo vypovedaj\u00fa o dobe, kedy st\u00e1la pri ka\u017edej drevenici vo dvore aj men\u0161ia \u010di v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia zrubov\u00e1 hospod\u00e1rska budova a okolo nich, ako inak, dreven\u00fd latov\u00fd plot a stud\u0148a.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ka\u017edop\u00e1dne, dnes \u013eudia pri budovan\u00ed svojich obydl\u00ed prezentuj\u00fa viac svoju zru\u010dnos\u0165, usiluj\u00fa sa o komfort a pri v\u00fdstavbe uplat\u0148uj\u00fa nov\u00e9 stavebn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly i postupy. Len m\u00e1lokto si pri poh\u013eade na nov\u00e9 domy uvedom\u00ed t\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fa premenu, ktor\u00e1 prebehla vo v\u00fdvoji materi\u00e1lnej kult\u00fary od star\u00fdch otcov po ich vnukov. Aj tento \u010dl\u00e1nok je jednou kvapkou v\u00a0mori historick\u00fdch \u00fakazov, nad ktorou sa treba aspo\u0148 na okamih pozastavi\u0165. Najlep\u0161iu pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na to m\u00e1te v\u00a0\u017ddiari priamo pod Belianskymi Tatrami,<\/a> kde sa m\u00f4\u017eete ubytova\u0165 v rezorte Kamz\u00edk,<\/a> a teda odpozorova\u0165, v\u00a0ak\u00fdch podmienkach vyrastali domovy na\u0161ich predkov.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: \u00a0M. Jagne\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1 \u2013 Gorali na Orave
\n<\/a>Foto: Jozef Pito\u0148\u00e1k,\u00a0shutterstock.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jar, to nie je len obdobie preb\u00fadzania pr\u00edrody. Aj tak\u00e9 domy sa zvykn\u00fa preb\u00fadza\u0165 k\u00a0\u017eivotu. Presnej\u0161ie novostavby, ku ktor\u00fdm sa po zimnom pl\u00e1novan\u00ed uch\u00fdlilo op\u00e4\u0165 mno\u017estvo rod\u00edn. Dnes s\u00fa pl\u00e1novanie a\u00a0samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba domov o\u00a0nie\u010do in\u00e9, ako tomu bolo kedysi. Nahliadnite s\u00a0nami aspo\u0148 jedn\u00fdm o\u010dkom do tradi\u010dn\u00fdch goralsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch prevl\u00e1dala najm\u00e4 architekt\u00fara sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s\u00a0pr\u00edrodou. Zmenil sa hlavne v\u00fdznam b\u00fdvania Dnes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2330,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMince v z\u00e1kladoch, podlaha z hliny \u010di spolo\u010dn\u00e1 izba s dobytkom. Aj tak\u00e1to bola tradi\u010dn\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 architekt\u00fara<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Len m\u00e1lokto si pri poh\u013eade na nov\u00e9 domy uvedom\u00ed t\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fa premenu, ktor\u00e1 prebehla vo v\u00fdvoji materi\u00e1lnej kult\u00fary od star\u00fdch otcov po ich vnukov.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/takato-bola-tradicna-ludova-architektura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mince v z\u00e1kladoch, podlaha z hliny \u010di spolo\u010dn\u00e1 izba s dobytkom. Aj tak\u00e1to bola tradi\u010dn\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 architekt\u00fara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Len m\u00e1lokto si pri poh\u013eade na nov\u00e9 domy uvedom\u00ed t\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fa premenu, ktor\u00e1 prebehla vo v\u00fdvoji materi\u00e1lnej kult\u00fary od star\u00fdch otcov po ich vnukov.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/takato-bola-tradicna-ludova-architektura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Penzi\u00f3n Kamz\u00edk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-04-30T14:00:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-04-30T11:02:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/kamzica.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"BAJAN Wordpress\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"BAJAN Wordpress\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/takato-bola-tradicna-ludova-architektura\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/takato-bola-tradicna-ludova-architektura\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"BAJAN Wordpress\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/penzionkamzik.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/9117ae94b753f483248ad1d97a3f521e\"},\"headline\":\"Mince v z\u00e1kladoch, podlaha z hliny \u010di spolo\u010dn\u00e1 izba s dobytkom. 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